The Nuremberg Code
History on Repeat
BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL No 7070 Volume 313: Page 1448,
7 December 1996.
Introduction
The judgment by the war crimes tribunal at Nuremberg laid down 10 standards to which physicians must conform when carrying out experiments on human subjects in a new code that is now accepted worldwide.
This judgment established a new standard of ethical medical behaviour for the post World War II human rights era. Amongst other requirements, this document enunciates the requirement of voluntary informed consent of the human subject. The principle of voluntary informed consent protects the right of the individual to control his own body.
This code also recognizes that the risk must be weighed against the expected benefit, and that unnecessary pain and suffering must be avoided.
This code recognizes that doctors should avoid actions that injure human patients.
The principles established by this code for medical practice now have been extended into general codes of medical ethics.
The Nuremberg Code (1947)
Permissible Medical Experiments
The great weight of the evidence before us to effect that certain types of medical experiments on human beings, when kept within reasonably well-defined bounds, conform to the ethics of the medical profession generally. The protagonists of the practice of human experimentation justify their views on the basis that such experiments yield results for the good of society that are unprocurable by other methods or means of study. All agree, however, that certain basic principles must be observed in order to satisfy moral, ethical and legal concepts:
- The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential. This means that the person involved should have legal capacity to give consent; should be so situated as to be able to exercise free power of choice, without the intervention of any element of force, fraud, deceit, duress, overreaching, or other ulterior form of constraint or coercion; and should have sufficient knowledge and comprehension of the elements of the subject matter involved as to enable him to make an understanding and enlightened decision. This latter element requires that before the acceptance of an affirmative decision by the experimental subject there should be made known to him the nature, duration, and purpose of the experiment; the method and means by which it is to be conducted; all inconveniences and hazards reasonably to be expected; and the effects upon his health or person which may possibly come from his participation in the experiment. The duty and responsibility for ascertaining the quality of the consent rests upon each individual who initiates, directs, or engages in the experiment. It is a personal duty and responsibility which may not be delegated to another with impunity.
- The experiment should be such as to yield fruitful results for the good of society, unprocurable by other methods or means of study, and not random and unnecessary in nature.
- The experiment should be so designed and based on the results of animal experimentation and a knowledge of the natural history of the disease or other problem under study that the anticipated results justify the performance of the experiment.
- The experiment should be so conducted as to avoid all unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injury.
- No experiment should be conducted where there is an a priori reason to believe that death or disabling injury will occur; except, perhaps, in those experiments where the experimental physicians also serve as subjects.
- The degree of risk to be taken should never exceed that determined by the humanitarian importance of the problem to be solved by the experiment.
- Proper preparations should be made and adequate facilities provided to protect the experimental subject against even remote possibilities of injury, disability or death.
- The experiment should be conducted only by scientifically qualified persons. The highest degree of skill and care should be required through all stages of the experiment of those who conduct or engage in the experiment.
- During the course of the experiment the human subject should be at liberty to bring the experiment to an end if he has reached the physical or mental state where continuation of the experiment seems to him to be impossible.
- During the course of the experiment the scientist in charge must be prepared to terminate the experiment at any stage, if he has probable cause to believe, in the exercise of the good faith, superior skill and careful judgment required of him, that a continuation of the experiment is likely to result in injury, disability, or death to the experimental subject.
Source Material Link for The Nuremberg Code
I’ve been following this. The powers that be will try to protect Fauci as much as possible. Good for Paul Rand.
LikeLiked by 2 people
Thanks Tim, for your comment. It is interesting yet alarming, the scope of the implications are beyond tragic.
LikeLiked by 1 person
And they won’t take responsibility. They use it to become more tyrannical.
LikeLiked by 1 person
Have you watched The Experiment with Moritz Bleibtreu, Mia? What happens to people when they are given control over other people’s lives, and how they abuse authority.
LikeLiked by 1 person
I have not watched it. I’m going to look for it and watch it this evening (if it’s available online). Thank you Bojana, for sharing.
LikeLiked by 1 person
You’ll love it. Germans know how to make a memorable movie.
Let me know what you think.
LikeLiked by 1 person
I was unable to get a hold of the film with English subtitles on short notice, I was able to watch the American version Saturday evening. Captivating and extremely disturbing, “Lord of the Flies” disturbing. I was shocked, yet I shouldn’t be surprised how easy it was for some to resume their pre-experiment roles towards the conclusion of the movie. This leaves me trying to determine how many categories of human beings there are. Thank you for the suggestion, a thought-provoking film.
LikeLiked by 1 person
You’re so welcome.
I was shocked as well. It still makes me wonder if I would do better as a guard or a prisoner. 🙂
LikeLiked by 1 person
I spent far too much time thinking about this scenario long after I watched the movie. I’d like to believe that I would be true to my convictions, who knows what factors could or would contribute to the situation.
LikeLiked by 1 person
I’m not so sure myself, so I’d go for a guard. (God have mercy on them.)
LikeLiked by 1 person
🙂
LikeLiked by 1 person
Gosh, that was some read. The title you’ve given says it all. Obscure in sensibility, yet actual as a universal excuse. A worthy post if there ever was one.
LikeLiked by 1 person
Thank you. We can blame it on the Mandela Effect, the word, “accountability” will disappear from the dictionary along with its meaning, leaving only a whisper of a fuzzy-memory for those that once knew what it meant to be held accountable.
LikeLiked by 2 people
A fine analogy, Mia. Were it the case someone, somehow had met with Him, possibly the God Effect applies, also. A list of rules of things humankind cannot do, initially…perhaps…had legs. But along came alpha male, the abuser of evolved consciousness yet blessed with pliable limbs that made conscious dreams come true in the shape of weapons, and weapons meant/mean power. With God on their side, and weaponry in their hands the world was their oyster as were the gentle and the weak. In addition, where there is power the lust for a sought after Master Race or a master race by accidental hindsight became/becomes addictive and everything goes to proverbial worms. What was, what is and always will be, are those ones who take advantage of the gift…from whom I’ve not a blind clue…of consciousness. The more ancient I get, the more humankind…‘man’kind, in particular…disappoints. ‘Tis a subject that occupies the remnants of this old mind. A very fine post. My apologies for rambling on a tad.
LikeLiked by 1 person
Dear Mike, thank you for sharing your thoughts, no apology needed. The abuser/abusers of evolved consciousness do take advantage of the gift. I believe they are the clumsy and transparent punishers in skin suits. They take a delicious and sickening delight in crushing the sensitive, gentle and weak like bugs. They are elated (jumping up and down, clapping hands) watching the division, global propaganda and global occupation march on as it heads towards a fevered pitch, much like a fevered dream. Really, I ask myself every morning if I’m caught up in a bad reoccurring dream, one I can’t wake myself from. In much seriousness the dreams have been unnerving. Me too, world events, lack of humanity and the cultivation of dread flood my mind; I can’t seem to turn it off.
LikeLiked by 1 person
Having read your accurate account of a cancerous, yet egocentric society, no longer hiding behind pamphlets and whispers, but now in expanding control, I am bound to say, I agree with you. In many respects I am lucky…if ‘luck’ is what it is…as I see my enemies ever single day. The victorious white Brexiters…that outnumber those like me…bent on sending any poor soul that is ‘not white’ to another place. It sickens me, the sheer stress of it has made me ill, an irksome illness that will linger until my death. I recommend you try to avoid such stress if at all possible. You’re ‘absolutely’…since lockdown and such like I note that ‘absolutely’ appears to be the only word in the English language in current use; everyone seems to use it, from TV news bulletins to tedious politicians…correct, ‘unnerving dreams’ that linger upon waking up, a torture of sorts. A pity perhaps that the dreaded virus coincided with the march of the ‘white right wing’. Together those two things have ruined the joy of dreaming in sleep. There is an old, old song Dylan wrote. Its name, ‘Ballad of a Thin Man’. Its chorus reads, ‘…Because something is happening here, But you don’t know what it is, Do you, Mister Jones?’ Should it be the case you’re not familiar with it, I recommended a listen. It was made for these times we live in. Something is happening all over Planet Earth, and while the end result is almost clear, its means to that end are beyond me, and most others. One thing seems to be for sure, the journey will be as disagreeable, as will journey’s end. On that unhappy note I shall likely open a vein…I jest, at least I think I do. Do take care. Regards, The Old Fool
LikeLiked by 1 person
It sure is a strange virus, I find it quite scary to think about, I heard a story today (I hear a new theory every day) that it may be spread by farting! Really! I could believe anything at this point – interesting post Mia, I just hope the damn thing gets fixed for all of us!
LikeLiked by 1 person
We live in strange times, unbelievable times, unimaginable times. Let’s hope we all come out the other side and in one piece!
LikeLiked by 1 person
It appears a few of those statutes have already been violated in our current Covid vaccine development and vaccination programs!
LikeLiked by 1 person
I agree. I’m having trouble making rational sense out of the irrational, quite sure I’m not alone.
LikeLiked by 1 person
Now it’s being revealed that he’s related to chimeric research being done. 5 month old fetus scalps grafted onto the backs of lab rats. Awful!
LikeLiked by 1 person
Oh Rob! It is awful. How many can fit under a bus?
LikeLiked by 1 person
People should take a look into his AIDS “research” in Africa.
LikeLiked by 1 person
Monsters walk among us.
LikeLiked by 1 person
Always.
LikeLiked by 1 person
Hi Mia. Good to hear from you. I hope all is well with you.
Greetings from Paris. A mixed pleasant/difficult trip. With the threat of a Health Pass that does not recognize my foreign Pfizer QR code… Politicians…
A bientôt
LikeLiked by 1 person
Hi Brian, so good to read your words. I was thinking about you and wondering how everything was going just the day before yesterday, and here you are! I’m fine and safe for the moment, thank you. The news here in the U.S. is currently devoting a lot of time to France and Macron. It’s hard to know what’s true and what isn’t at this point. I hope that you were/are able to resolve the difficulties with the Health Pass. My thoughts are with you, wishing you safe travels.
LikeLiked by 1 person
HI Mia. Meeting of minds. 😉
What are they saying about Macron? (He and his team are increasingly incompetent. No vision. No strategy. Never think about consequences… Anyway…
Today I sent all my papers to the Foreign Office who will handle all requests from French citizens about the health pass. Let’s see how long it takes them…
Be good.
LikeLiked by 1 person
Hi Brian, I did see the Macron slap in the face, there was also news about his entire security team quitting, as well ongoing news about a great unrest taking hold among the people of France. Sending good wishes for a speedy resolution on your paperwork and for continued safe travels. 🙂
LikeLiked by 1 person